Revealing the knowledge of uekiya in Kyoto during the 18th century regarding garden tree management from “Niwaki chōhōki”

The “Niwaki chōhōki” is a technical book on garden plant nursing written by the Kyoto uekiya (gardener/plant dealer) Heisuke in mid-Edo period. This study aims to reveal knowledge described this and identify planting trends from species it refers to. thought have been published first half of 18th century. Since contains several work songs meant be shared with others, likely that contained belongs not an individual, but rather group uekiya. descriptions grafting techniques show some later were discontinued remain forgotten today. Comparison horticultural Edo at end 17th century, “Kadan jikinshō,” revealed there was difference between Kyoto. mentions pine candling, one most important aspects fostering today, which mentioned jikinshō.” Thus, highly valuable historical document demonstrates technique century they handled.